Difference: MicroSdBlocks (76 vs. 77)

Revision 772021-05-08 - PeterSchmid

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META TOPICPARENT	name="WebHome"

%DASHBOARD{ section="banner"

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6 (PB6)

VCP_TX Target

Changed:

<
<

Raw Blocks

Flash Drive

The Flash on the STM32WB is divided in 4 KiB pages. For 1 KiB blocks the other 3 KiB in the page have to be buffered.

SD Drive

One Forth block consists of two microSD sectors. No filesystem is involved, blocks are mapped direct to the sectors: block_number = sector_number / 2. Caution! If you write a block on a formatted disk you will destroy the filesystem. Block 0 for example is the Master Boot Sector, to overwrite this sector/block would end in a disaster. If you really want to share blocks and filesystem on the same disk you have to create an additional partition for the Forth blocks. Or if you only want to play with some toy blocks, you can abuse the boot loader, because it is usually not required and you can therefore use blocks from 10 to 100. But be warned, do not do this on the SD card with the vacation pictures!

The blocks can be used as buffers. As long as you use less or equal than 4 blocks, nothing is stored on the SD card.

Block (Virtual Memory) Words

block          ( n -- a )      Return address of buffer for block n. 0 on error.
buffer         ( n -- a )      Return address of buffer for block n. Does not get the block from disk. 0 on error.
empty-buffers  ( -- )          Marks all block buffers as empty.
update         ( -- )          Marks most recent block as updated (dirty).
save-buffers   ( -- )          Transfers the contents of each updated block buffer to disk.
flush          ( -- )          save-buffers empty-buffers
list           ( n -- )        Display block n. The block is displayed as 16 numbered lines, each of 64 characters. 
load           ( n -- )        Interprets the content of block n. 

drive          ( u -- )        Initializes the drive (0 flash drive, 1 SD drive) and makes it current, sets the block count.
#blocks        ( -- n )        Gets the block count from current drive.

Block Editor

VI or EMACS keybindings? VI has a line editing mode too, fine for really dumb terminals.

Raw Blocks and GNU/Linux

Example 2 GiB microSD FAT16 formatted, show the disk parameter with fdisk:

# fdisk /dev/sdf
...
Befehl (m für Hilfe): p
Festplatte /dev/sdf: 1,91 GiB, 2032664576 Bytes, 3970048 Sektoren
Festplattenmodell: FCR-HS219/1     
Einheiten: Sektoren von 1 * 512 = 512 Bytes
Sektorgröße (logisch/physikalisch): 512 Bytes / 512 Bytes
E/A-Größe (minimal/optimal): 512 Bytes / 512 Bytes
Festplattenbezeichnungstyp: dos
Festplattenbezeichner: 0x00000000

Gerät      Boot Anfang    Ende Sektoren Größe Kn Typ
/dev/sdf1          249 3967487  3967239  1,9G  6 FAT16

Fill the SD with zeros (1'000'000 sectors à 512 Bytes), that takes about 5 Minutes:

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdf  count=1000000
1000000+0 Datensätze ein
1000000+0 Datensätze aus
512000000 Bytes (512 MB, 488 MiB) kopiert, 271,43 s, 1,9 MB/s

Write the first block with the famous F example letter-f.block from Starting Forth, Leo Brodie:

# dd if=letter-f.block of=/dev/sdf
2+0 Datensätze ein
2+0 Datensätze aus
1024 Bytes (1,0 kB, 1,0 KiB) kopiert, 0,00226272 s, 453 kB/s

Put the microSD card into the SD adapter and startup the Mecrisp-Cube Nucleo:

Mecrisp-Cube 1.2.0 for STM32WB55 (C) peter@spyr.ch.
Based on Mecrisp-Stellaris 2.5.2 by Matthias Koch. 
0 list 
Block# 0 
  0 \ Large letter F                                                
  1 : STAR    [CHAR] * EMIT ;                                       
  2 : STARS   0 DO  STAR  LOOP ;                                    
  3 : MARGIN  CR 30 SPACES ;                                        
  4 : BLIP    MARGIN STAR ;                                         
  5 : BAR     MARGIN 5 STARS ;                                      
  6 : F       BAR BLIP BAR BLIP BLIP CR ;                           
  7                                                                 
  8 F                                                               
  9                                                                 
 10                                                                 
 11                                                                 
 12                                                                 
 13                                                                 
 14                                                                 
 15                                                                 
 ok.
0 load 
                              *****
                              *
                              *****
                              *
                              *
 ok.
 ok.
0 block hex. 200216F8  ok.
0 block 1200 dump 
200216F0 :  00 01 00 00 D9 86 03 00   5C 20 4C 61 72 67 65 20  | ........  \ Large  |
20021700 :  6C 65 74 74 65 72 20 46   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | letter F           |
20021710 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021720 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021730 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 53 54 41 52 20 20  |           : STAR   |
20021740 :  20 20 5B 43 48 41 52 5D   20 2A 20 45 4D 49 54 20  |   [CHAR]   * EMIT  |
20021750 :  3B 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | ;                  |
20021760 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021770 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 53 54 41 52 53 20  |           : STARS  |
20021780 :  20 20 30 20 44 4F 20 20   53 54 41 52 20 20 4C 4F  |   0 DO    STAR  LO |
20021790 :  4F 50 20 3B 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | OP ;               |
200217A0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
200217B0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 4D 41 52 47 49 4E  |           : MARGIN |
200217C0 :  20 20 43 52 20 33 30 20   53 50 41 43 45 53 20 3B  |   CR 30   SPACES ; |
200217D0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
200217E0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
200217F0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 42 4C 49 50 20 20  |           : BLIP   |
20021800 :  20 20 4D 41 52 47 49 4E   20 53 54 41 52 20 3B 20  |   MARGIN   STAR ;  |
20021810 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021820 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021830 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 42 41 52 20 20 20  |           : BAR    |
20021840 :  20 20 4D 41 52 47 49 4E   20 35 20 53 54 41 52 53  |   MARGIN   5 STARS |
20021850 :  20 3B 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |  ;                 |
20021860 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021870 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 46 20 20 20 20 20  |           : F      |
20021880 :  20 20 42 41 52 20 42 4C   49 50 20 42 41 52 20 42  |   BAR BL  IP BAR B |
20021890 :  4C 49 50 20 42 4C 49 50   20 43 52 20 3B 20 20 20  | LIP BLIP   CR ;    |
200218A0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
...
20021AF0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |           ........ |
...
20021BB0 :  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | ........  ........ |
 ok.

>
>

FAT Filesystem

FAT is the de-facto standard for embedded systems and mobile devices.

Line: 286 to 142

included ( any c-addr u -- any ) Interprets the content of the file.

coredump ( "name" -- ) Dumps the flash memory (core) into the file <name>.

Added:

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>

stdin ( -- addr ) user variable contains file desciptor (pointer to file object structure) for fs-emit and fs-emit? stdout ( -- addr ) user variable contains file desciptor (pointer to file object structure) for fs-key and fs-key? stderr ( -- addr ) user variable, not used yet

fs-emit ( Char -- ) Emits a character to a file (stdout) fs-emit? ( -- Flag ) Ready to send a character to a file? (stdout) fs-key ( -- Char ) Waits for and fetches a character from file. <0 for EOF or error. (stdin) fs-key? ( -- Flag ) Checks if a character is remaining (stdin)

Added:

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>

From utils.fs

>file     ( addr c-addr -- addr )   redirect to a file (emit, type, ...)
>term     ( addr -- )               terminate to-file redirection
<file     ( addr c-addr -- addr )   redirect from a file (key, accept, ...)
<term     ( addr -- )               terminate from-file redirection

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Filesystem API

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Some File Operation Basics

The C function prototype for f_open looks like this:

FRESULT f_open (

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256 buffer: path[RET] ok. path 256 f_getcwd drop strlen type[RET] 0:/ ok.

Changed:

<
< or easier with unix like command pwd:

>
> or easier with unix like command pwd:

pwd[RET]
0:/ ok.

Line: 356 to 231

0:/fsr ok.

Added:

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File Redirection

There are many Forth words to format a string e.g. emit, type or print something to the console. It is also possible to fetch user input like key, accept, etc. All these words can be used on files. Nothing new for a UNIX user. Mecrisp use hooks for redirection terminal IO, these hooks can also be used for file redirection.

Sample to use hook-emit for redirection output from ls -l to a file.

Open file test.tmp

path .str" test.tmp[RET] ok.
fil path FA_WRITE FA_OPEN_ALWAYS + f_open .[RET] 0 ok.

Changed:

<
< fil stdout ![RET] hook-emit @ ' fs-emit hook-emit ! ls -l[RET]

>
>

Save file descriptor to stdout user variable

fil stdout ![RET] ok.

Push current hook to the stack

hook-emit @[RET] ok.

Redirect emit to fs-emit (there is no ok.)

' fs-emit hook-emit ! [RET]

Type ls -l, there is no echo on the console

ls -l[RET]

Restore old hook:

hook-emit ! [RET] ok.

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>

Close file

fil f_close .[RET] 0 ok.

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>
>

Show the contents of the file test.tmp

cat test.tmp[RET]

drw- 0 2021-03-06T14:36:40 man

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hook-emit ! ok.

Added:

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> Some helper words

Changed:

<
< : >file ( addr c-addr -- addr )

>
> : >file ( addr c-addr -- addr ) \ redirect to a file (emit, type, ...)

swap dup stdout ! swap FA_WRITE FA_OPEN_ALWAYS + f_open drop hook-emit @ ['] fs-emit hook-emit ! ;

Changed:

<
< : >term ( addr -- )

>
> : >term ( addr -- ) \ terminate redirection

hook-emit ! stdout @ f_close drop ;

Changed:

<
< : <file ( addr c-addr -- addr )

>
> : <file ( addr c-addr -- addr ) \ redirection for a file (key, accept, ...)

swap dup stdin ! swap FA_READ f_open drop hook-key @

Line: 692 to 603

Added:

>
>

Raw Blocks

Flash Drive

The Flash on the STM32WB is divided in 4 KiB pages. For 1 KiB blocks the other 3 KiB in the page have to be buffered.

SD Drive

The blocks can be used as buffers. As long as you use less or equal than 4 blocks, nothing is stored on the SD card.

Block (Virtual Memory) Words

block          ( n -- a )      Return address of buffer for block n. 0 on error.
buffer         ( n -- a )      Return address of buffer for block n. Does not get the block from disk. 0 on error.
empty-buffers  ( -- )          Marks all block buffers as empty.
update         ( -- )          Marks most recent block as updated (dirty).
save-buffers   ( -- )          Transfers the contents of each updated block buffer to disk.
flush          ( -- )          save-buffers empty-buffers
list           ( n -- )        Display block n. The block is displayed as 16 numbered lines, each of 64 characters. 
load           ( n -- )        Interprets the content of block n. 

drive          ( u -- )        Initializes the drive (0 flash drive, 1 SD drive) and makes it current, sets the block count.
#blocks        ( -- n )        Gets the block count from current drive.

Block Editor

VI or EMACS keybindings? VI has a line editing mode too, fine for really dumb terminals.

Raw Blocks and GNU/Linux

Example 2 GiB microSD FAT16 formatted, show the disk parameter with fdisk:

# fdisk /dev/sdf
...
Befehl (m für Hilfe): p
Festplatte /dev/sdf: 1,91 GiB, 2032664576 Bytes, 3970048 Sektoren
Festplattenmodell: FCR-HS219/1     
Einheiten: Sektoren von 1 * 512 = 512 Bytes
Sektorgröße (logisch/physikalisch): 512 Bytes / 512 Bytes
E/A-Größe (minimal/optimal): 512 Bytes / 512 Bytes
Festplattenbezeichnungstyp: dos
Festplattenbezeichner: 0x00000000

Gerät      Boot Anfang    Ende Sektoren Größe Kn Typ
/dev/sdf1          249 3967487  3967239  1,9G  6 FAT16

Fill the SD with zeros (1'000'000 sectors à 512 Bytes), that takes about 5 Minutes:

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdf  count=1000000
1000000+0 Datensätze ein
1000000+0 Datensätze aus
512000000 Bytes (512 MB, 488 MiB) kopiert, 271,43 s, 1,9 MB/s

Write the first block with the famous F example letter-f.block from Starting Forth, Leo Brodie:

# dd if=letter-f.block of=/dev/sdf
2+0 Datensätze ein
2+0 Datensätze aus
1024 Bytes (1,0 kB, 1,0 KiB) kopiert, 0,00226272 s, 453 kB/s

Put the microSD card into the SD adapter and startup the Mecrisp-Cube Nucleo:

Mecrisp-Cube 1.2.0 for STM32WB55 (C) peter@spyr.ch.
Based on Mecrisp-Stellaris 2.5.2 by Matthias Koch. 
0 list 
Block# 0 
  0 \ Large letter F                                                
  1 : STAR    [CHAR] * EMIT ;                                       
  2 : STARS   0 DO  STAR  LOOP ;                                    
  3 : MARGIN  CR 30 SPACES ;                                        
  4 : BLIP    MARGIN STAR ;                                         
  5 : BAR     MARGIN 5 STARS ;                                      
  6 : F       BAR BLIP BAR BLIP BLIP CR ;                           
  7                                                                 
  8 F                                                               
  9                                                                 
 10                                                                 
 11                                                                 
 12                                                                 
 13                                                                 
 14                                                                 
 15                                                                 
 ok.
0 load 
                              *****
                              *
                              *****
                              *
                              *
 ok.
 ok.
0 block hex. 200216F8  ok.
0 block 1200 dump 
200216F0 :  00 01 00 00 D9 86 03 00   5C 20 4C 61 72 67 65 20  | ........  \ Large  |
20021700 :  6C 65 74 74 65 72 20 46   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | letter F           |
20021710 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021720 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021730 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 53 54 41 52 20 20  |           : STAR   |
20021740 :  20 20 5B 43 48 41 52 5D   20 2A 20 45 4D 49 54 20  |   [CHAR]   * EMIT  |
20021750 :  3B 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | ;                  |
20021760 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021770 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 53 54 41 52 53 20  |           : STARS  |
20021780 :  20 20 30 20 44 4F 20 20   53 54 41 52 20 20 4C 4F  |   0 DO    STAR  LO |
20021790 :  4F 50 20 3B 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | OP ;               |
200217A0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
200217B0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 4D 41 52 47 49 4E  |           : MARGIN |
200217C0 :  20 20 43 52 20 33 30 20   53 50 41 43 45 53 20 3B  |   CR 30   SPACES ; |
200217D0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
200217E0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
200217F0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 42 4C 49 50 20 20  |           : BLIP   |
20021800 :  20 20 4D 41 52 47 49 4E   20 53 54 41 52 20 3B 20  |   MARGIN   STAR ;  |
20021810 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021820 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021830 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 42 41 52 20 20 20  |           : BAR    |
20021840 :  20 20 4D 41 52 47 49 4E   20 35 20 53 54 41 52 53  |   MARGIN   5 STARS |
20021850 :  20 3B 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |  ;                 |
20021860 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021870 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 46 20 20 20 20 20  |           : F      |
20021880 :  20 20 42 41 52 20 42 4C   49 50 20 42 41 52 20 42  |   BAR BL  IP BAR B |
20021890 :  4C 49 50 20 42 4C 49 50   20 43 52 20 3B 20 20 20  | LIP BLIP   CR ;    |
200218A0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
...
20021AF0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |           ........ |
...
20021BB0 :  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | ........  ........ |
 ok.

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