Board Support Words

Defaults: Digital port pins D0 to D7 are push pull outputs, D8 to D15 are inputs with pull-up resistors.

led1!        ( n -- )    sets LED1 (blue)
led2!        ( n -- )    sets LED2 (green)
led3!        ( n -- )    sets LED3 (red)
led1@        ( -- n )    gets LED1 (blue)
led2@        ( -- n )    gets LED2 (green)
led3@        ( -- n )    gets LED3 (red)

switch1?     ( -- n )    gets switch1, closed=TRUE
switch2?     ( -- n )    gets switch2, closed=TRUE
switch3?     ( -- n )    gets switch3, closed=TRUE

dport!       ( n -- )    sets the digital output port (D0=bit0 .. D15=bit15).
dport@       ( -- n )    gets the digital input/output port (D0=bit0 .. D15=bit15).
dpin!        ( n a -- )  sets the digital output port pin (D0=0 .. D15=15)
dpin@        ( a -- n )  gets the digital input/output port pin 
dmod         ( u a -- )  sets the pin mode: 0 in, 1 in pull-up, 2 in pull-down, 3 out push pull, 4 out open drain, 
                                            5 out push pull PWM, 6 input capture, 7 output compare, 8 I2C

EXTImod      ( u a -- )  Sets for pin a (D2, D4, D7, D10) the EXTI mode u: 0 rising, 1 falling, 2 both edges, 3 none
EXTIwait     ( u a -- )  Wait for EXTI interrupt on pin a (D2, D4, D7, D10), timeout u in [ms]

pwmpin!      ( u a -- )  sets the digital output port pin a (D3=3, D6=6, D9=9) to a PWM value u (0..1000). Default frequency is 1 kHz, TIMER1
pwmprescale  ( u --  )   Sets the PWM prescale for TIMER1. 32 kHz / prescale, default 32 -> PWM frequency 1 kHz

ICOCprescale ( u -- )    Sets the input capture / output compare prescale for TIMER2. default 32 -> 32 MHz / 32 = 1 MHz, timer resolution 1 us
ICOCperiod!  ( u -- )    Sets the input capture / output compare (TIMER2) period. default $FFFFFFFF (4'294'967'295). 
                         When the up counter reaches the period, the counter is set to 0. 
                         For prescale 32 the maximum time is about 1 h 11 m
ICOCcount!   ( -- u )    Sets the input capture / output compare counter for TIMER2
ICOCcount@   ( u -- )    Gets the input capture / output compare counter for TIMER2
ICOCstart    ( -- )      Starts the ICOC period
ICOCstop     ( -- )      Stops the ICOC period
OCmod        ( u a -- )  Sets for pin a (D0, D1, D5) the Output Compare mode u: 0 frozen, 1 active level on match, 2 inactive level on match, 
                            3 toggle on match, 4 forced active, 5 forced inactive
    
OCstart      ( u a -- )  Starts the output compare mode for pin a with pulse u
OCstop       ( a -- )    Stops output compare for pin a
ICstart      ( u -- )    Starts input capture u: 0 rising edge, 1 falling edge, 2 both edges
ICstop       ( -- )      Stops input capture

waitperiod   ( -- )      wait for the end of the TIMER2 period
OCwait       ( a -- )    wait for the end of output capture on pin a
ICwait       ( u -- u )  wait for the end of input capture with timeout u, returns counter u

apin@        ( a -- u )  gets the analog input port pin (A0 .. A5). Returns a 12 bit value (0..4095) 

I2Cdev       ( u -- )           Sets the 7-bit I2C address
I2Cput       ( c-addr u -- )    put a message with length u from buffer at c-addr to the I2C slave device
I2Cget       ( c-addr u -- )    get a message with length u from I2C slave device to buffer at c-addr
I2Cputget    ( a1 u1 a2 u2 -- ) put a message with length u1 from buffer at a1 to the I2C slave device 
                                and get a message with length u2 from device to buffer at a2

SPIputget    ( a1 a2 u -- )     put a message with length u from buffer at a1 to the SPI slave device 
                                and get a message with length u from device to buffer at a2
SPIputc      ( char )           put a single char to the SPI slave device

Using the Digital Port Pins (Input and Output)

This example is very similar to the McForth#Knight_Rider program. dport! and dport@ set and get all 16 digital pins (D0 to D15) at once. You have to press the SW1 push button til D0 is set to cancel the operation.

3 0 dmod   \ set D0 to Output
3 1 dmod   \ set D1 to Output
3 3 dmod   \ set D3 to Output
3 5 dmod   \ set D5 to Output
3 6 dmod   \ set D6 to Output

: left ( -- ) 
  7 0 do  
    dport@ shl dport!  
    100 osDelay drop  
  loop 
;

: right ( -- )
  7 0 do  
    dport@ shr dport!
    100 osDelay drop  
  loop 
;

: knightrider ( -- )
  1 dport! 
  begin 
    left right 
    switch1? \ or key?
  until 
  0 dport!
;

Single port pin variant (no side effects on port pins D8 to D15):

: left ( -- ) 
  7 0 do
    1 i dpin! 
    100 osDelay drop  
    0 i dpin!
  loop 
;

: right ( -- )
  8 1 do  
    1 8 i - dpin! 
    100 osDelay drop  
    0 8 i - dpin!
  loop 
;

: knigthrider ( -- )
  begin 
    left right 
    switch1? 
  until 
  0 0 dpin!
;

Using the ADC (Analog Input Pins)

apin@ ( a -- u ) returns the ADC value (12 bit, 0 .. 4095) from one of the analog pins A0 to A5 (0 .. 5). Here I use the A0 to control the delay.

: left ( -- ) 
  7 0 do
    1 i dpin! 
    0 apin@ 10 / osDelay drop  \ delay depends on A0
    0 i dpin!
  loop 
;

: right ( -- )
  8 1 do  
    1 8 i - dpin! 
    0 apin@ 10 / osDelay drop  \ delay depends on A0
    0 8 i - dpin!
  loop 
;

To get an idea how fast the ADC, RTOS, and the Forth program are. The left or right word takes about 125 us, the knightrider loop about 50 us (no osDelay). Pretty fast for my opinion.

CH1 yellow: D0 pin
CH2 blue: D1 pin

Using the PWM (Analog Output Pins)

PWM port pins: D6 (TIM1CH1), D9 (TIM1CH2), D3 (TIM1CH3)

Simple test program to set brightness of a LED on pin D3 with a potentiometer on A0. Default PWM frequency is 1 kHz (prescaler set to 32). You can set the prescale with the word pwmprescale from 32 kHz (value 1) down to 0.5 Hz (64000).

5 3 dmod   \ set D3 to PWM

: pwm ( -- )
  begin 
    0 apin@  4 /  3 pwmpin!
    10 osDelay drop
    switch1? 
  until 
;

Using Input Capture and Output Compare

Time Base

Default timer resolution is 1 us. The 32 bit TIMER2 is used as time base for Input Capture / Output Compare. For a 5 s period 5'000'000 cycles are needed. All channels (input capture / output compare) use the same time base.

: period ( -- )
  5000000 ICOCperiod! \ 5 s period
  ICOCstart
  begin
     waitperiod
     cr .time
  key? until
  key drop 
;

Output Compare

: oc-toggle ( -- )
  5000000 ICOCperiod! \ 5 s period
  ICOCstart
  3 0 OCmod  1000000 0 OCstart \ toggle D0 after 1 s
  3 1 OCmod  2000000 1 OCstart \ toggle D1 after 2 s
  3 5 OCmod  3000000 5 OCstart \ toggle D5 after 3 s 
  begin
     waitperiod
     cr .time
  key? until
  key drop 
;

When you abort (hit any key) the program, the timer still runs and controls the port pins. To stop the port pins:

0 OCstop  1 OCstop  5 OCstop

Or change the prescale to make it faster or slower:

1 ICOCprescale

Input Capture

This sample program measures the time between the edges on port A2. if no event occurs within 2 seconds, "timeout" is issued. Hit any key to abort program.

: ic-test ( -- )
  6 2 dmod \ input capture on A2
  ICOCstart
  2 ICstart  \ both edges
  ICOCcount@ ( -- count )
  begin
    2000 \ 2 s timeout
    ICwait ( -- old-capture capture ) 
    cr
    dup 0= if
      ." timeout" drop
    else 
      dup rot ( -- capture capture old-capture )
      - 1000 / . ." ms"
    then
  key? until
  key drop
  drop
  ICstop
;

Using EXTI line

: exti-test ( -- )
  2 2 EXTImod \ both edges on D2
  begin
    2000 2 EXTIwait \ wait for edge on D2 with 2 s timeout
    cr
    0= if
      2 dpin@ if
        ." rising edge"
      else
        ." falling edge"
      then 
    else
      ." timeout"
    then
  key? until
  key drop
;

Pinouts

ARDUINO® connector pinout