(r60) MicroSdBlocks < MecrispCube

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Raw blocks or filesystem? A real filesystem is hefty and several times larger than the Forth kernel itself. But if you really want to exchange data with other systems, you need some sort of compatible storage medium like a microSD with a FAT filesystem. Or if you want to use your embedded system as a stand-alone development system and save the source code. 

For a stand-alone Forth system, especially a embedded system, a block storage (on internal Flash or external Media) or no mass storage at all fill the bill.

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---+ Hardware 

---++ Flash Drive
The built-in flash (!STM32WB55C has 1 !MiB FLASH) can be used as a flash drive. No additional hardware is needed. 384 !KiB is about the same as the old DD 5 1/4" floppy from 1978 had.

---+++ Flash Memory Layout
<pre>
FLASH (rx)                 : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 256K
   20 KiB Forth Core
   140 KiB Middleware (debug 210 KiB)

FLASH_FORTH (rx)           : ORIGIN = 0x08040000, LENGTH = 128K
   128 KiB Flash Dictionary

FLASH_DRIVE (rx)           : ORIGIN = 0x08060000, LENGTH = 384K
   384 KiB future use for built in flash drive

FLASH_BLESTACK (rx)        : ORIGIN = 0x080C0000, LENGTH = 256K
</pre>

---+++ RAM Memory Layout
<pre>
 *      STM32WB55C: 256 KiB RAM
 *
 *      RAM_FORTH (xrw)            : ORIGIN = 0X20000000, LENGTH = 64K
 *       1 KiB Core
 *      63 KiB RAM Dictionary
 *
 *      RAM1 (xrw)                 : ORIGIN = 0x20010000, LENGTH = 128K
 *       1 KiB Stack         (only for startup)
 *       1 KiB Heap          (maybe not needed)
 *       1 KiB UART Tx Buffer
 *       5 KiB UART Rx Buffer
 *       4 KiB CDC Rx/Tx Buffer
 *       2 KiB CDC RxQueue
 *      10 KiB global variables
 *      80 KiB RTOS Heap (about 9 KiB free)
 *         Thread Stack size
 *              4 KiB Forth (main)
 *              1 KiB UART_Tx
 *              1 KiB UART_Rx
 *              1 KiB CDC
 *              1 KiB CRS
 *              1 KiB HRS
 *              1 KiB HCI_USER_EVT
 *              1 KiB ADV_UPDATE
 *              1 KiB SHCI_USER_EVT
 *
 *             40 KiB vi text buffer
 *
 *      RAM_SHARED (xrw)           : ORIGIN = 0x20030000, LENGTH = 10K
 *       10 KiB communication between CPU1 and CPU2 (part of RAM2a)
 *
 *     (RAM2a                      : ORIGIN = 0x20030000, LENGTH = 32K)
 *       10 KiB shared between CPU1 and CPU2
 *       22 KiB secure RAM for CPU2
 *
 *     (RAM2b                      : ORIGIN = 0x20038000, LENGTH = 32K)
 *       16 KiB shared between CPU1 and CPU2
 *       16 KiB secure RAM for CPU2
</pre>

---++ SD Drive
You can build a very cheap microSD adapter by yourself with a microSD to SD adapter. You have to solder only 7 wires to a pin header. The breakout board for microSD cards from Adafruit have a level shifter, but this is not needed because the levels on the Nucleo are already 3.3 V. Only the CD pin is missing, this could be handy to detect a microSD card.
| <img src="%ATTACHURLPATH%/MMC-SD-miniSD-microSD-Color-Numbers-Names.gif" alt="MMC-SD-miniSD-microSD-Color-Numbers-Names.gif" width="170" height="309" /> | <img src="%ATTACHURLPATH%/nucleo-sd-adapter.jpg" alt="nucleo-sd-adapter.jpg" width="700" /> |

| *SD pin*  | *microSD pin*   | *Name*    | *Description*          | *Arduino/Nucleo Pin* | *Nucleo Dongle* |
| 1         | 2               | nCS       | Card Select [CS]       | D10  (1)             | PB2  CN1.7      |
| 2         | 3               | DI        | Serial Data In [MOSI]  | D11  (2)             | PA7  CN1.10     |
| 3         | -               | VSS       | Ground                 | GND  (5)             | GND  CN1.1      |
| 4         | 4               | VDD       | Power 3.3 V            | 3V3  (6)             | 3V3  CN1.6      |
| 5         | 5               | CLK       | Serial Clock [SCLK]    | D13  (4)             | PA5  CN1.8      |
| 6         | 6               | VSS       | Ground                 | GND  (5)             | GND  CN1.1      |
| 7         | 7               | DO        | Serial Data Out [MISO] | D12  (3)             | PA6  CN1.9      |
| 8         | 8               | NC        | Unused                 |                      |                 |
| 9         | 1               | NC        | Unused                 |                      |                 |

http://elm-chan.org/docs/mmc/mmc_e.html

Block size 512 Bytes, SPI mode 0 (CPHA=0, CPOL=0), Pull-up on MISO.

| <img src="%ATTACHURLPATH%/nucleo-dongle-sdcard.jpg" width="400" /> | <img src="%ATTACHURLPATH%/nucleo-dongle-sdcard2.jpg" alt="nucleo-sd-adapter.jpg" width="400" /> |


---++ JTAG/SWD

| *JTAG Pin*  | *JTAG STM 14pin* | *CN1 Dongle*  | *CN2 Dongle*  | *Description*  |
|             | 1                |               |               | NC             |
|             | 2                |               |               | NC             |
| 1           | 3                | 6             |               | VDD            |
| 2           | 4                | 3             |               | SWDIO          |
| 3           | 5                | 1             |               | GND            |
| 4           | 6                | 4             |               | SWCLK          |
| 5           | 7                | 1             |               | GND            |
| 6           | 8                | 5             |               | SWO            |
| 7           | 9                |               |               | NC             |
| 8           | 10               |               |               | NC             |
| 9           | 11               | 1             |               | GND_DETECT     |
| 10          | 12               | 2             |               | NRST           |
|             | 13               |               | 7 (PB7)       | VCP_RX Target  |
|             | 14               |               | 6 (PB6)       | VCP_TX Target  |


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---+ Raw Blocks

One Forth block consists of two !microSD sectors. No filesystem is involved, blocks are mapped direct to the sectors: block_number = sector_number / 2. Caution! If you write a block on a formatted disk you will destroy the filesystem. Block 0 for example is the Master Boot Sector, to overwrite this sector/block would end in a disaster. If you really want to share blocks and filesystem on the same disk you have to create an additional partition for the Forth blocks. Or if you only want to play with some toy blocks, you can abuse the boot loader, because it is usually not required and you can therefore use blocks from 10 to 100. But be warned, do not do this on the SD card with the vacation pictures!

The blocks can be used as buffers. As long as you use less or equal than 4 blocks, nothing is stored on the SD card.

---++ Block (Virtual Memory) Words

<pre>
block          ( n -- a )      Return address of buffer for block n. 0 on error.
buffer         ( n -- a )      Return address of buffer for block n. Does not get the block from disk. 0 on error.
empty-buffers  ( -- )          Marks all block buffers as empty.
update         ( -- )          Marks most recent block as updated (dirty).
save-buffers   ( -- )          Transfers the contents of each updated block buffer to disk.
flush          ( -- )          save-buffers empty-buffers
list           ( n -- )        Display block n. The block is displayed as 16 numbered lines, each of 64 characters. 
load           ( n -- )        Interprets the content of block n. 

drive          ( u -- )        Initializes the drive (0 flash drive, 1 SD drive) and makes it current, sets the block count.
#blocks        ( -- n )        Gets the block count from current drive.

</pre>


---++ Block Editor

VI or EMACS keybindings? VI has a line editing mode too, fine for really dumb terminals.

   * VIBE https://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/forth/vibe-2.1ans.fs http://kestrelcomputer.github.io/kestrel/2016/03/29/vibe-2.2
   * Standard Mecrisp block editor
   * https://github.com/larsbrinkhoff/fmacs


---++ Raw Blocks and GNU/Linux

Example 2 !GiB microSD FAT16 formatted, show the disk parameter with fdisk:
<pre>
# fdisk /dev/sdf
...
Befehl (m für Hilfe): p
Festplatte /dev/sdf: 1,91 GiB, 2032664576 Bytes, 3970048 Sektoren
Festplattenmodell: FCR-HS219/1     
Einheiten: Sektoren von 1 * 512 = 512 Bytes
Sektorgröße (logisch/physikalisch): 512 Bytes / 512 Bytes
E/A-Größe (minimal/optimal): 512 Bytes / 512 Bytes
Festplattenbezeichnungstyp: dos
Festplattenbezeichner: 0x00000000

Gerät      Boot Anfang    Ende Sektoren Größe Kn Typ
/dev/sdf1          249 3967487  3967239  1,9G  6 FAT16
</pre>

Fill the SD with zeros (1'000'000 sectors à 512 Bytes), that takes about 5 Minutes:
<pre>
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdf  count=1000000
1000000+0 Datensätze ein
1000000+0 Datensätze aus
512000000 Bytes (512 MB, 488 MiB) kopiert, 271,43 s, 1,9 MB/s
</pre>

Write the first block with the famous F example [[%ATTACHURLPATH%/letter-f.block][letter-f.block]] from [[https://www.forth.com/starting-forth/1-forth-stacks-dictionary/][Starting Forth]], _Leo Brodie_:
<pre>
# dd if=letter-f.block of=/dev/sdf
2+0 Datensätze ein
2+0 Datensätze aus
1024 Bytes (1,0 kB, 1,0 KiB) kopiert, 0,00226272 s, 453 kB/s
</pre>
Put the microSD card into the SD adapter and startup the Mecrisp-Cube Nucleo:
<pre>
Mecrisp-Cube 1.2.0 for STM32WB55 (C) peter@spyr.ch.
Based on Mecrisp-Stellaris 2.5.2 by Matthias Koch. 
0 list 
Block# 0 
  0 \ Large letter F                                                
  1 : STAR    [CHAR] * EMIT ;                                       
  2 : STARS   0 DO  STAR  LOOP ;                                    
  3 : MARGIN  CR 30 SPACES ;                                        
  4 : BLIP    MARGIN STAR ;                                         
  5 : BAR     MARGIN 5 STARS ;                                      
  6 : F       BAR BLIP BAR BLIP BLIP CR ;                           
  7                                                                 
  8 F                                                               
  9                                                                 
 10                                                                 
 11                                                                 
 12                                                                 
 13                                                                 
 14                                                                 
 15                                                                 
 ok.
0 load 
                              *****
                              *
                              *****
                              *
                              *
 ok.
 ok.
0 block hex. 200216F8  ok.
0 block 1200 dump 
200216F0 :  00 01 00 00 D9 86 03 00   5C 20 4C 61 72 67 65 20  | ........  \ Large  |
20021700 :  6C 65 74 74 65 72 20 46   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | letter F           |
20021710 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021720 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021730 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 53 54 41 52 20 20  |           : STAR   |
20021740 :  20 20 5B 43 48 41 52 5D   20 2A 20 45 4D 49 54 20  |   [CHAR]   * EMIT  |
20021750 :  3B 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | ;                  |
20021760 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021770 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 53 54 41 52 53 20  |           : STARS  |
20021780 :  20 20 30 20 44 4F 20 20   53 54 41 52 20 20 4C 4F  |   0 DO    STAR  LO |
20021790 :  4F 50 20 3B 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | OP ;               |
200217A0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
200217B0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 4D 41 52 47 49 4E  |           : MARGIN |
200217C0 :  20 20 43 52 20 33 30 20   53 50 41 43 45 53 20 3B  |   CR 30   SPACES ; |
200217D0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
200217E0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
200217F0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 42 4C 49 50 20 20  |           : BLIP   |
20021800 :  20 20 4D 41 52 47 49 4E   20 53 54 41 52 20 3B 20  |   MARGIN   STAR ;  |
20021810 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021820 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021830 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 42 41 52 20 20 20  |           : BAR    |
20021840 :  20 20 4D 41 52 47 49 4E   20 35 20 53 54 41 52 53  |   MARGIN   5 STARS |
20021850 :  20 3B 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |  ;                 |
20021860 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
20021870 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   3A 20 46 20 20 20 20 20  |           : F      |
20021880 :  20 20 42 41 52 20 42 4C   49 50 20 42 41 52 20 42  |   BAR BL  IP BAR B |
20021890 :  4C 49 50 20 42 4C 49 50   20 43 52 20 3B 20 20 20  | LIP BLIP   CR ;    |
200218A0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                    |
...
20021AF0 :  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20   00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |           ........ |
...
20021BB0 :  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | ........  ........ |
 ok.


</pre>

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---+ FAT Filesystem

FAT is the de-facto standard for embedded systems and mobile devices. 
The FAT filesystem for Mecrisp-Cube is based on [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html][FatFs - Generic FAT Filesystem Module]] and supports FAT (12, 16, and 32) and exFAT formatted SD cards.

[[https://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/forth/gforth/Docs-html/Forth-source-files.html#Forth-source-files][Forth source files]]. I propose =.fs= extension for Forth source files the same as GForth does. But anyway you can use what you want (=.f=, =.4th=, =.fth=, etc).
<pre>
include   ( any "name" -- any )      Interprets the content of the file &lt;name&gt;. 
included  ( any c-addr u -- any )    Interprets the content of the file.

coredump  ( "name" -- )              Dumps the flash memory (core) into the file &lt;name&gt;.
</pre>


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---+ Filesystem API

The C function prototype for =f_open= looks like this:
<pre>
FRESULT f_open (
  FIL* fp,           /* [OUT] Pointer to the file object structure */
  const TCHAR* path, /* [IN] File name */
  BYTE mode          /* [IN] Mode flags */
);
</pre>

The parameter order for the Forth Word is the same: a1 is address of the file object data structure [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/sfile.html][FIL]], a2 is the address of the filename array (0 terminated string). 
<pre>
f_open  ( addr1 addr2 b -- n )   opens a file.
</pre>

The FIL data structure can be created as follows:
<pre>
<b>create fil /FIL allot</b> ok.
</pre>

See also [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/open.html][f_open]].

Print current directory:
<pre>
<b>256 buffer: path[RET]</b> ok.
<b>path 256 f_getcwd drop strlen type[RET]</b> / ok.
</pre>
or easier with unix like command pwd:
<pre>
<b>pwd[RET]</b>
/ ok.
</pre>

Change current directory 
<pre>
<b>path 256 accept[RET] common[RET]</b>  ok.
<b>path swap 2dup str0term drop f_chdir .[RET]</b> 0 ok.
<b>pwd[RET]</b>
/common ok.
</pre>

<pre>
<b>path dup .str" /fsr" f_chdir .[RET]</b> 0 ok.
<b>pwd[RET]</b>
/fsr ok.
</pre>

---++ Data Structures

---+++ FATFS
Only used in =FS_init()=. We have only one drive.
For details see [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/sfatfs.html][FATFS]]

<pre>
/FATFS ( -- u )   Gets the FATFS structure size
</pre>


---+++ FIL
For details see [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/sfile.html][FIL]].

<pre>
/FIL              ( -- u ) Gets the FIL structure size

FA_READ           ( -- u ) Gets the Mode Flag FA_READ
FA_WRITE          ( -- u ) Gets the Mode Flag FA_WRITE
FA_OPEN_EXISTING  ( -- u ) Gets the Mode Flag FA_OPEN_EXISTING
FA_CREATE_NEW     ( -- u ) Gets the Mode Flag FA_CREATE_NEW
FA_CREATE_ALWAYS  ( -- u ) Gets the Mode Flag FA_CREATE_ALWAYS
A_OPEN_ALWAYS     ( -- u ) Gets the Mode Flag FA_OPEN_ALWAYS
FA_OPEN_APPEND    ( -- u ) Gets the Mode Flag FA_OPEN_APPEND
</pre>

| *POSIX*     | *FatFs*                                 |
| "r"         | FA_READ                                 |
| "r+"        | FA_READ FA_WRITE or                     |
| "w"         | FA_CREATE_ALWAYS FA_WRITE or            |
| "w+"        | FA_CREATE_ALWAYS FA_WRITE or FA_READ or |
| "a"         | FA_OPEN_APPEND FA_WRITE or              |
| "a+"        | FA_OPEN_APPEND FA_WRITE or FA_READ or   |
| "wx"        | FA_CREATE_NEW FA_WRITE or               |
| "w+x"       | FA_CREATE_NEW or FA_WRITE FA_READ or    |

---+++ DIR
For details see [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/sdir.html][DIR]].

<pre>
/DIR         ( -- u ) Gets the DIR structure size
</pre>

---+++ FILINFO
For details see [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/sfileinfo.html][FILINFO]].

<pre>
/FILINFO     ( -- u ) Gets the FILINFO structure size

fsize+       ( -- u ) Gets the FILINFO structure fsize offset
fdate+       ( -- u ) Gets the FILINFO structure fdate offset
ftime+       ( -- u ) Gets the FILINFO structure ftime offset
fattrib+     ( -- u ) Gets the FILINFO structure fattrib offset
fname+       ( -- u ) Gets the FILINFO structure fname offset
altname+     ( -- u ) Gets the FILINFO structure altname offset
</pre>


---++ File Access Functions/Words
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/open.html][f_open]] - Open/Create a file
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/close.html][f_close]] - Close an open file
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/read.html][f_read]] - Read data from the file
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/write.html][f_write]] - Write data to the file
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/lseek.html][f_lseek]] - Move read/write pointer, Expand size
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/truncate.html][f_truncate]] - Truncate file size
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/sync.html][f_sync]] - Flush cached data
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/forward.html][f_forward]] - Forward data to the stream
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/expand.html][f_expand]] - Allocate a contiguous block to the file
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/gets.html][f_gets]]  - Read a string
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/putc.html][f_putc]]  - Write a character
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/puts.html][f_puts]] - Write a string
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/printf.html][f_printf]] - (Write a formatted string)
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/tell.html][f_tell]] - (Get current read/write pointer)
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/eof.html][f_eof]] - Test for end-of-file
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/size.html][f_size]] - Get size
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/error.html][f_error]] - Test for an error

---++ Directory Access Functions/Words
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/opendir.html][f_opendir]] - Open a directory
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/closedir.html][f_closedir]] - Close an open directory
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/readdir.html][f_readdir]] - Read a directory item
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/findfirst.html][f_findfirst]] - Open a directory and read the first item matched
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/findnext.html][f_findnext]] - Read a next item matched

---++ File and Directory Management Functions/Words
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/stat.html][f_stat]] - Check existance of a file or sub-directory
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/unlink.html][f_unlink]] - Remove a file or sub-directory
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/rename.html][f_rename]] - Rename/Move a file or sub-directory
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/chmod.html][f_chmod]] - Change attribute of a file or sub-directory
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/utime.html][f_utime]] - Change timestamp of a file or sub-directory
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/mkdir.html][f_mkdir]] - Create a sub-directory
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/chdir.html][f_chdir]] - Change current directory
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/chdrive][f_chdrive]] - Change current drive
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/getcwd.html][f_getcwd]] - Retrieve the current directory and drive

---++ Volume Management and System Configuration Functions/Words
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/mount.html][f_mount]] - Register/Unregister the work area of the volume
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/mkfs.html][f_mkfs]] - Create an FAT volume on the logical drive
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/fdisk.html][f_fdisk]] - (Create partitions on the physical drive)
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/getfree.html][f_getfree]] - Get free space on the volume
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/getlabel.html][f_getlabel ]]- Get volume label
   * [[http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/doc/setlabel.html][f_setlabel]]- Set volume label
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---+ UNIX like Shell Commands
Do not expect real UNIX commands not even comparable to the Busybox commands. The UNIX like shell commands are parsing words. The parameters are parsed from the input stream till the end of line. These commands are not intended to use in other words, they are used in the interpreter mode, use =f_= words in compiler mode. Spaces in path und file names are not allowed. Verly limited wildcards (only * and ?) for =ls=. No standard input/ouptut/err redirection.

---++ Shell Prompt
<pre>
: init ;

: prompt ( -- ) 
  begin 
    tib 256 f_getcwd drop strlen type \ show current working directory
    ."  > "    \ show ">" for prompt. Could show "OK."
    query interpret cr 
  again
;
 
: init init ['] prompt hook-quit ! ; \ make new prompt 
 
init quit
</pre>

---++ Forth String to 0-Terminated String and vice versa
Caution! There must be space for the 0 character at the end of the string.
<pre>
: str0term ( cadr len -- cadr len )
  + 0 swap c!
;

strlen ( cadr -- cadr len )  \ 0-Terminated String to Forth String
</pre>



---++ Commands

   * <pre>
<b>ls</b> [-a] [-l] [-1] [FILE]
   -a show hidden files
   -l use a long listing format
   -1 list one file per line

ls ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  list directory contents
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>pwd</b>
pwd ( -- )  print name of current/working directory
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>cd</b> [DIR]

cd ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  change the working directory
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>cat</b> [-n] [&gt; NEWFILE] [&gt;&gt; FILE] [&lt;&lt; EOF] FILES...
   -n line numbers
   &gt; redirect output to NEWFILE
   &gt;&gt; redirect output and append to FILE
   &lt;&lt; redirect input till EOF

cat ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  concatenate files and print on the console
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>mkdir</b> [DIR]...

mkdir ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  make directories
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>rm</b> FILE...

rm ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  remove files or directories
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>mv</b> SOURCE DEST

mv ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  move (rename) files
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>cp</b> SOURCE DEST

cp ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  copy files
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>chmod</b> [-a] [+l] [=1] FILE...
   -rwa selected file mode bits removed 
   +rwa selected file mode bits added 
   =rwa selected file mode bits set 

chmod ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  change file mode bits
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>touch</b> FILE...
   -c do not create any files

A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty.

touch ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  change file timestamps 
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>df</b> [VOLUME]

df ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  report file system disk space usage (1 KiB blocks)
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>du</b> [FILE]
   -h print sizes in powers of 1024 (e.g., 1023 MiB)

du ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  estimate file space usage
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>vol</b> [-d NUMBER] [-n NAME]
   -d drive number
   -n change drive name to NAME

vol ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  get and set volume label
</pre>
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>mount</b>
 
mount ( -- )  mount default drive
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>umount</b>
 
mount ( -- )  unmount default drive
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>vi</b> [-R] [-h] [-c &lt;COLUMNS&gt;] [-r &lt;ROWS&gt;] [FILE]
   -h show features
   -R Read-only mode. You can still edit the buffer, but will be prevented from overwriting a file.
   -e erase the text buffer
   -c &lt;COLUMNS&gt; screen columns, range 40..128 default 80
   -r &lt;ROWS&gt; screen rows, range 16..30 default 24

vi ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  a (Forth) programmer's text editor
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>split</b> [-l NUMBER] FILE
   -l NUMBER  put NUMBER lines/records per output fileline numbers (default 1000 lines)

suffix length is only 1, generated file names are like this: xa, xb, xc, ...
split ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  split a file into pieces
</pre>
</pre>
   * <pre>
<b>wc</b> FILE...

wc ( "line&lt;EOL&gt;" -- )  Word count, print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
</pre>
   * less
   * mkfs [-f FAT|FAT32|EXTFAT] [-d NUMBER] 
   * fdisk
   * dd
   * date
   * ps -> .threads
   * kill

%DASHBOARD{ section="box_end" }%
%DASHBOARD{ section="box_start"  width="992" height="250" }%
---+ C-String Helpers
Middleware like !FatFs and RTOS expect C strings (see [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null-terminated_string][null-terminated string]]). In Forth, the preferred representation of strings on the stack is =c-addr u-count=, where =c-addr= is the address of the first character and =u-count= is the number of characters in the string. 
<pre>
str0term     ( c-addr len -- )          make Forth string null-terminated, be sure the buffer is long enough to accept an additional 0 character.
strlen       ( c-addr -- c-addr len )   calculate the length of a C string, Forth string compatible
.str"        ( c-addr "text" --  )      copy string into buffer
s0"          ( "text" -- c-addr len )   Compiles a 0-terminated string and gives back its address and length when executed
.(           ( "text) --  )             Mecrisp's ." is working only in compile mode

</pre>


%DASHBOARD{ section="box_end" }%

%DASHBOARD{ section="dashboard_end" }%

-- %USERSIG{PeterSchmid - 2020-06-03}%

---++ Comments

%COMMENT%
Attachments
Topic attachments
I	Attachment	History	Action	Size	Date	Who
gif	MMC-SD-miniSD-microSD-Color-Numbers-Names.gif	r1	manage	19.7 K	2020-06-03 - 07:39	PeterSchmid
block	letter-f.block	r1	manage	1.0 K	2020-06-12 - 19:46	PeterSchmid
jpg	nucleo-dongle-sdcard.jpg	r1	manage	279.6 K	2020-08-13 - 11:21	PeterSchmid
jpg	nucleo-dongle-sdcard2.jpg	r1	manage	221.1 K	2020-08-13 - 11:21	PeterSchmid
jpg	nucleo-sd-adapter.jpg	r1	manage	347.2 K	2020-06-14 - 14:52	PeterSchmid
fth	prompt.fth	r2 r1	manage	1.2 K	2020-08-10 - 13:19	PeterSchmid
Topic revision: r60 - 2020-11-04 - PeterSchmid